This work investigates a case study of using physical-based sonification of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems, optimized by the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm. The VQE approximates the solution of the problem by using an iterative loop between the quantum computer and a classical optimization routine. This work explores the intermediary statevectors found in each VQE iteration as the means of sonifying the optimization process itself. The implementation was realised in the form of a musical interface prototype named Variational Quantum Harmonizer (VQH), providing potential design strategies for musical applications, focusing on chords, chord progressions, and arpeggios. The VQH can be used both to enhance data visualization or to create artistic pieces. The methodology is also relevant in terms of how an artist would gain intuition towards achieving a desired musical sound by carefully designing QUBO cost functions. Flexible mapping strategies could supply a broad portfolio of sounds for QUBO and quantum-inspired musical compositions, as demonstrated in a case study composition, "Dependent Origination" by Peter Thomas and Paulo Itaborai.

翻译：本研究探讨了一种基于物理的二次无约束二进制优化（QUBO）问题声化方法的案例研究，该问题通过变分量子本征求解器（VQE）算法进行优化。VQE通过量子计算机与经典优化例程之间的迭代循环逼近问题的解。本研究探索了每次VQE迭代中发现的中间态矢量，以此作为声化优化过程本身的手段。该实现以名为“变分量子和声器”（VQH）的音乐界面原型形式完成，为音乐应用提供了潜在的设计策略，重点关注和弦、和弦进行及琶音。VQH既可用于增强数据可视化，也可用于创作艺术作品。该方法论对于艺术家如何通过精心设计QUBO代价函数来获得实现期望音乐效果的直觉也具有相关性。灵活的映射策略可为QUBO及量子启发的音乐作品提供广泛的音色库，正如彼得·托马斯和保罗·伊塔博拉伊的案例研究作品《缘起》所展示的那样。