Open-source software and Commercial Off-The-Shelf hardware are finally paving their way into the 5G world, resulting in a proliferation of experimental 5G testbeds. Surprisingly, very few studies have been published on the comparative analysis of testbeds with different hardware and software elements. In this paper, we first introduce a precise nomenclature to characterize a 5G-standalone single-cell testbed based on its constituent elements and main configuration parameters. We then build 30 distinct such testbeds and systematically analyze their performance with an emphasis on element interoperability (by considering different combinations of hardware and software elements from different sources), the number and type of User Equipment (UE) as well as the Radio Access Network hardware and software elements to address the following questions: 1) How is the performance (in terms of bit rate and latency) impacted by different elements? 2) How does the number of UEs affect these results? 3) What is the impact of the user(s)' location(s) on the performance? 4) What is the impact of the UE type on these results? 5) How far does each testbed provide coverage? 6) And finally, what is the effect of the computing resources available to each open-source software? This study focuses on TDD testbeds.

翻译：开源软件与商用现成硬件正逐步进入5G领域，推动了实验性5G测试平台的激增。然而令人惊讶的是，针对采用不同硬件和软件组件的测试平台进行比较分析的研究却鲜有发表。本文首先提出了一套基于构成组件与主要配置参数的精确术语体系，用以描述5G独立组网单小区测试平台的特征。随后我们构建了30个各不相同的此类测试平台，并系统性地分析了其性能，重点关注组件互操作性（通过组合来自不同来源的硬件与软件组件）、用户设备（UE）的数量与类型、以及无线接入网硬件与软件组件，旨在回答以下问题：1）不同组件如何影响性能（以比特率与延迟衡量）？2）UE数量如何影响这些结果？3）用户位置对性能产生何种影响？4）UE类型对这些结果有何影响？5）每个测试平台能提供多大范围的覆盖？6）最后，可供开源软件使用的计算资源会产生何种效应？本研究聚焦于TDD测试平台。