In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the channel estimation scheme is subject to the spatial non-stationarity and inevitably power leakage in the beam domain. In this paper, a beam domain channel estimation scheme is investigated for spatial non-stationary (SNS) massive MIMO systems considering power leakage. %a novel beam domain channel estimation scheme is proposed for spatial non-stationary (SNS) massive MIMO systems. Specifically, a realistic massive MIMO beam domain channel model (BDCM) is introduced to capture the spatial non-stationarity considering power leakage by introducing the illustration of visibility region (VR). Then, a beam domain structure-based sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (BDS-SAMP) scheme is proposed based on the cross-block sparse structure and power ratio threshold of beam domain channel. Finally, the simulation results validate the accuracy of proposed BDS-SAMP scheme with low pilot overhead and reasonable complexity by comparing with conventional schemes.

翻译：在大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中，信道估计方案面临空间非平稳性以及波束域中不可避免的功率泄漏问题。本文针对存在功率泄漏的空间非平稳（SNS）大规模MIMO系统，研究了一种波束域信道估计方案。具体而言，通过引入可见区域（VR）的图示，引入了一种能够刻画功率泄漏下空间非平稳性的现实大规模MIMO波束域信道模型（BDCM）。随后，基于波束域信道的跨块稀疏结构与功率比阈值，提出了一种基于波束域结构的稀疏自适应匹配追踪（BDS-SAMP）方案。最后，仿真结果通过与常规方案对比，验证了所提BDS-SAMP方案在较低导频开销和合理复杂度下的准确性。