An algorithm for robust initial orbit determination (IOD) under perturbed orbital dynamics is presented. By leveraging map inversion techniques defined in the algebra of Taylor polynomials, this tool returns a highly accurate solution to the IOD problem and estimates a range centered on the aforementioned solution in which the true orbit should lie. To meet the specified accuracy requirements, automatic domain splitting is used to wrap the IOD routines and ensure that the local truncation error, introduced by a polynomial representation of the state estimate, remains below a predefined threshold. The algorithm is presented for three types of ground-based sensors, namely range radars, Doppler-only radars, and optical telescopes, by considering their different constraints in terms of available measurements and sensor noise. Finally, the improvement in performance with respect to a Keplerian-based IOD solution is demonstrated using large-scale numerical simulations over a subset of tracked objects in low Earth orbit.

翻译：提出了一种在受扰动力学下进行稳健初始轨道确定（IOD）的算法。通过利用泰勒多项式代数中定义的映射反演技术，该工具能够为IOD问题提供高精度解，并估计以该解为中心的真实轨道可能存在的区间。为满足指定的精度要求，采用自动域分割封装IOD程序，确保由状态估计的多项式表示引入的局部截断误差保持在预设阈值以下。该算法针对三类地基传感器（即测距雷达、仅多普勒雷达和光学望远镜）分别呈现，并考虑了它们在可用测量数据和传感器噪声方面的不同约束。最后，通过对低地球轨道中部分跟踪目标进行大规模数值仿真，证明了该算法相对于基于开普勒轨道的IOD解的性能提升。