As more and more decisions that have a significant ethical dimension are being outsourced to AI systems, it is important to have a definition of moral responsibility that can be applied to AI systems. Moral responsibility for an outcome of an agent who performs some action is commonly taken to involve both a causal condition and an epistemic condition: the action should cause the outcome, and the agent should have been aware -- in some form or other -- of the possible moral consequences of their action. This paper presents a formal definition of both conditions within the framework of causal models. I compare my approach to the existing approaches of Braham and van Hees (BvH) and of Halpern and Kleiman-Weiner (HK). I then generalize my definition into a degree of responsibility.

翻译：随着越来越多具有重大伦理维度的决策被外包给AI系统，制定一套可适用于AI系统的道德责任定义变得至关重要。通常认为，代理者（agent）通过实施某行为对结果承担道德责任需同时满足因果条件与认知条件：该行为应当导致该结果，且代理者应当以某种形式意识到其行为可能引发的道德后果。本文在因果模型框架下对这两个条件提出了形式化定义。我将自身方法与Braham和van Hees（BvH）及Halpern和Kleiman-Weiner（HK）的现有方法进行比较，进而将我的定义推广至责任程度（degree of responsibility）的度量。