The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly changed many domains, including applied statistics. This review and vision paper explores the evolving role of applied statistics in the AI era, drawing from our experiences in engineering statistics. We begin by outlining the fundamental concepts and historical developments in applied statistics and tracing the rise of AI technologies. Subsequently, we review traditional areas of applied statistics, using examples from engineering statistics to illustrate key points. We then explore emerging areas in applied statistics, driven by recent technological advancements, highlighting examples from our recent projects. The paper discusses the symbiotic relationship between AI and applied statistics, focusing on how statistical principles can be employed to study the properties of AI models and enhance AI systems. We also examine how AI can advance applied statistics in terms of modeling and analysis. In conclusion, we reflect on the future role of statisticians. Our paper aims to shed light on the transformative impact of AI on applied statistics and inspire further exploration in this dynamic field.

翻译：人工智能（AI）技术的兴起已深刻改变诸多领域，包括应用统计学。本综述与展望论文基于我们在工程统计学中的实践经验，探讨了AI时代下应用统计学不断演变的角色。我们首先概述应用统计学的基本概念与历史发展，并追溯AI技术的崛起历程。随后，我们回顾应用统计学的传统领域，以工程统计学中的实例阐明关键要点。接着，我们探讨由近期技术进步驱动下应用统计学的新兴领域，重点介绍我们近期项目中的案例。本文讨论了AI与应用统计学之间的共生关系，重点关注如何运用统计原理研究AI模型特性并增强AI系统。我们也审视了AI如何在建模与分析方面推动应用统计学的发展。最后，我们对统计学家的未来角色进行了展望。本文旨在阐明AI对应用统计学产生的变革性影响，并激发这一动态领域的进一步探索。