Human participants play a central role in the development of modern artificial intelligence (AI) technology, in psychological science, and in user research. Recent advances in generative AI have attracted growing interest to the possibility of replacing human participants in these domains with AI surrogates. We survey several such "substitution proposals" to better understand the arguments for and against substituting human participants with modern generative AI. Our scoping review indicates that the recent wave of these proposals is motivated by goals such as reducing the costs of research and development work and increasing the diversity of collected data. However, these proposals ignore and ultimately conflict with foundational values of work with human participants: representation, inclusion, and understanding. This paper critically examines the principles and goals underlying human participation to help chart out paths for future work that truly centers and empowers participants.

翻译：人类参与者在现代人工智能（AI）技术发展、心理科学及用户研究中扮演核心角色。生成式AI的最新进展引发了用AI替代品取代这些领域人类参与者的兴趣。我们调查了若干此类"替代方案"，以更深入理解支持与反对用现代生成式AI替代人类参与者的论据。我们的范围综述表明，近期该系列方案的动机包括降低研发成本及提高数据收集多样性。然而，这些方案忽视了并最终与人类参与工作的基础价值——代表性、包容性与理解性相冲突。本文通过批判性审视人类参与所依据的原则与目标，为未来真正以参与者为中心并赋权的研究方向提供指引。