The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) such as the emergence of large language models including ChatGPT and DALLE 2 has brought both opportunities for improving productivity and raised ethical concerns. This paper investigates the ethics of using artificial intelligence (AI) in cartography, with a particular focus on the generation of maps using DALLE 2. To accomplish this, we first create an open-sourced dataset that includes synthetic (AI-generated) and real-world (human-designed) maps at multiple scales with a variety settings. We subsequently examine four potential ethical concerns that may arise from the characteristics of DALLE 2 generated maps, namely inaccuracies, misleading information, unanticipated features, and reproducibility. We then develop a deep learning-based ethical examination system that identifies those AI-generated maps. Our research emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in the development and use of AI techniques in cartography, contributing to the growing body of work on trustworthy maps. We aim to raise public awareness of the potential risks associated with AI-generated maps and support the development of ethical guidelines for their future use.

翻译：人工智能（AI）的快速发展，例如ChatGPT和DALLE 2等大型语言模型的出现，既带来了提升生产力的机遇，也引发了伦理方面的担忧。本文研究了在制图学中使用人工智能（AI）的伦理问题，尤其聚焦于利用DALLE 2生成地图。为此，我们首先创建了一个开源数据集，其中包含多种尺度及多种设置下合成的（AI生成的）和真实世界的（人工设计的）地图。随后，我们考察了DALLE 2生成地图可能引发的四个潜在伦理问题，即不准确性、误导性信息、意外特征以及可复现性。接着，我们开发了一种基于深度学习的伦理检测系统，用以识别那些AI生成的地图。本研究强调了在制图学中开发和使用AI技术时伦理考量的重要性，为可信地图相关的研究体系做出了贡献。我们旨在提高公众对AI生成地图潜在风险的认知，并支持为其未来使用制定伦理准则。