In recent decades, Earth-to-Air Heat Exchangers (EAHEs), also known as underground air ducts, have garnered significant attention for their ability to provide energy-efficient cooling and heating solutions while maintaining a minimal environmental footprint. These systems leverage the relatively stable underground temperature to regulate indoor climates, reducing reliance on conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. This review systematically categorizes and synthesizes research on EAHEs into three primary areas: analytical, numerical, and exergoeconomic studies. Analytical approaches focus on developing theoretical models to predict thermal performance, while numerical simulations provide insights into system optimization and real-world applications. Exergoeconomic analyses, integrating thermodynamic efficiency with economic considerations, offer valuable perspectives on cost-effectiveness and long-term viability. By consolidating existing contributions across these domains, this study serves as a comprehensive reference for researchers, engineers, and policymakers seeking to enhance the design, implementation, and performance of EAHE systems. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of EAHEs in reducing energy consumption, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and improving economic sustainability. Additionally, this review identifies key challenges, including soil thermal conductivity variations, moisture effects, and system integration with renewable energy sources, which require further investigation. By addressing these challenges, EAHEs can be further optimized to serve as a cornerstone in sustainable energy management, contributing to global efforts toward energy-efficient building solutions and climate change mitigation.

翻译：近几十年来，地-空气热交换器（EAHEs，亦称地下空气管道）因其能够提供高效节能的供暖与制冷解决方案，同时保持极小的环境足迹而受到广泛关注。该系统利用相对稳定的地下温度调节室内气候，从而降低对传统供暖、通风与空调（HVAC）系统的依赖。本综述系统地将EAHEs研究归纳为三个主要领域：解析方法、数值模拟及㶲经济分析。解析方法侧重于建立预测热性能的理论模型，而数值模拟则为系统优化与实际应用提供深入见解。㶲经济分析融合热力学效率与经济考量，为成本效益与长期可行性提供了重要视角。通过整合上述领域的现有研究成果，本研究为致力于改进EAHE系统设计、实施与性能的研究人员、工程师及政策制定者提供了全面的参考。研究结果强调了EAHEs在降低能耗、减少温室气体排放及提升经济可持续性方面的关键作用。此外，本综述指出了亟待进一步研究的关键挑战，包括土壤导热系数变化、湿度影响以及系统与可再生能源的集成问题。通过应对这些挑战，EAHEs可进一步优化，成为可持续能源管理的基石，为全球推进节能建筑解决方案与减缓气候变化的努力作出贡献。