Over the past years, distributed consensus research has shifted its focus towards addressing challenges in large-scale, permissionless systems, such as blockchains. This shift is characterized by the need to accommodate dynamic participation, contrasting the traditional approach of a static set of continuously online participants. Works like Bitcoin and the Sleepy Model have set the stage for this developing framework. Notable contributions from Momose and Ren (CCS 2022) and subsequent works have introduced Total-Order Broadcast protocols leveraging Graded Agreement primitives and supporting dynamic participation, though often requiring multiple rounds of voting per decision -- a potential bottleneck for real-world large-scale systems. Addressing this, our paper presents a novel Total-Order Broadcast protocol in the Sleepy Model resilient to up to 1/2 adversarial participants, requiring just a single round of voting per decision. This work paves the way to more practical Total-Order Broadcast protocols to be implemented in real-world systems where a large number of participants are involved simultaneously and their participation level might fluctuate over time.

翻译：过去数年间，分布式共识研究重心已转向应对大规模无许可系统（如区块链）中的挑战。这一转变的核心特征在于需处理动态参与性，这与传统静态连续在线参与者的模式形成鲜明对比。比特币协议与睡意模型（Sleepy Model）等成果为这一发展框架奠定了基础。Momose与Ren（CCS 2022）及其后续研究的重要贡献在于引入了基于分级协议（Graded Agreement）原语且支持动态参与的全序广播协议，但这类协议通常需通过多轮投票才能达成单个决策——这成为现实大规模系统的潜在性能瓶颈。针对此问题，本文提出一种新型睡意模型下的全序广播协议，该协议可抵御至多1/2恶意参与者，且每个决策仅需单轮投票。本工作为在现实中实施更实用的全序广播协议铺平了道路，这类协议可应用于同时涉及大量参与者、且参与程度随时间动态波动的现实场景。