This dissertation explores the area of real-time IP networking for embedded devices, especially those with limited computational resources. With the increasing convergence of information and operational technologies in various industries, and the growing complexity of communication requirements in (semi-)autonomous machines, there is a need for more advanced and reliable networking solutions. This research focuses on the challenge of integrating real-time embedded devices into packet-switched networks. Through a comprehensive review of current real-time communication technologies, standards, and practices in the context of Industry 4.0, a notable gap is identified: the lack of a robust real-time communication standard tailored for wireless mobile machines, and insufficient research on real-time embedded devices in highly networked environments. The study includes detailed experimentation with commercially available off-the-shelf networked microcontrollers, revealing a priority inversion problem where network packet processing interrupts real-time tasks, potentially causing real-time violations. To address this challenge, this thesis proposes mitigation methods and system designs that include software and hardware implementations. These include a new embedded network subsystem that prioritizes packet processing based on task priority, and a real-time-aware network interface controller that moderates interrupt requests. In addition, a hybrid hardware-software co-design approach is developed to ensure predictable and reliable real-time task execution despite network congestion. Furthermore, the research extends to task offloading in wireless Industrial Internet of Things environments, presenting a system architecture and scheduler capable of maintaining real-time constraints even under heavy loads and network uncertainties.

翻译：本论文探讨了嵌入式设备（尤其是计算资源有限的设备）的实时IP网络领域。随着各行业信息技术与运营技术的日益融合，以及（半）自主机器通信需求的日趋复杂，对更先进、更可靠的网络解决方案的需求日益迫切。本研究聚焦于将实时嵌入式设备集成到分组交换网络中的挑战。通过对工业4.0背景下当前实时通信技术、标准与实践的全面梳理，发现了一个显著空白：缺乏专为无线移动机器定制的鲁棒实时通信标准，且对高度网络化环境中实时嵌入式设备的研究不足。本研究对商用现成网络微控制器进行了详细实验，揭示了网络数据包处理中断实时任务导致的优先级反转问题，该问题可能引发实时性违规。为应对这一挑战，本论文提出了包含软硬件实现的缓解方法与系统设计方案，包括基于任务优先级处理数据包的新型嵌入式网络子系统，以及可调节中断请求的实时感知网络接口控制器。此外，研究开发了混合硬件-软件协同设计方法，以确保即使在网络拥塞情况下也能实现可预测且可靠的实时任务执行。进一步地，本研究将工作延伸至无线工业物联网环境中的任务卸载，提出了一种系统架构与调度器，能够在高负载和网络不确定条件下维持实时性约束。