Policy makers, scientists, and the public are increasingly confronted with thorny questions about the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. A key common thread concerns whether AI can be trusted and the factors that can make it more trustworthy in front of stakeholders and users. This is indeed crucial, as the trustworthiness of AI systems is fundamental for both democratic governance and for the development and deployment of AI. This article advances the discussion by arguing that AI systems should also be recognized, as least to some extent, as artifacts capable of exercising a form of agency, thereby enabling them to engage in relationships of trust or distrust with humans. It further examines the implications of these reciprocal trust dynamics for regulators tasked with overseeing AI systems. The article concludes by identifying key tensions and unresolved dilemmas that these dynamics pose for the future of AI regulation and governance.

翻译：政策制定者、科学家和公众正日益面临关于人工智能（AI）系统监管的棘手问题。其中贯穿的核心问题在于AI能否被信任，以及哪些因素能在利益相关方和用户面前提升其可信赖性。这确实至关重要，因为AI系统的可信赖性既是民主治理的基础，也是AI开发与部署的根本。本文通过论证AI系统至少在一定程度上应被视为具备行使某种能动性的制品，从而使其能够与人类建立信任或不信任关系，来推进这一讨论。文章进一步审视了这些互信动态对负责监管AI系统的监管者所蕴含的意义。最后，本文指出这些动态为AI监管与治理的未来所带来的关键张力与未解困境。