Sharding is essential for improving blockchain scalability. Existing protocols overlook diverse adversarial attacks, limiting transaction throughput. This paper presents Reticulum, a groundbreaking sharding protocol addressing this issue, boosting blockchain scalability. Reticulum employs a two-phase approach, adapting transaction throughput based on runtime adversarial attacks. It comprises "control" and "process" shards in two layers. Process shards contain at least one trustworthy node, while control shards have a majority of trusted nodes. In the first phase, transactions are written to blocks and voted on by nodes in process shards. Unanimously accepted blocks are confirmed. In the second phase, blocks without unanimous acceptance are voted on by control shards. Blocks are accepted if the majority votes in favor, eliminating first-phase opponents and silent voters. Reticulum uses unanimous voting in the first phase, involving fewer nodes, enabling more parallel process shards. Control shards finalize decisions and resolve disputes. Experiments confirm Reticulum's innovative design, providing high transaction throughput and robustness against various network attacks, outperforming existing sharding protocols for blockchain networks.

翻译：分片技术是提升区块链可扩展性的关键。现有协议忽视了多样化的对抗性攻击，限制了交易吞吐量。本文提出Reticulum——一种突破性的分片协议，旨在解决该问题以增强区块链可扩展性。Reticulum采用两阶段方法，根据运行时对抗性攻击动态调整交易吞吐量。其架构包含两层：控制分片与处理分片。处理分片至少包含一个可信节点，而控制分片则拥有多数可信节点。在第一阶段，交易被写入区块，由处理分片中的节点投票表决，全票通过的区块直接确认。在第二阶段，未获全票通过的区块提交至控制分片投票，若多数赞成则接受该区块，同时消除第一阶段中的反对者与沉默投票者。Reticulum在第一阶段采用全票表决机制，仅需较少节点参与，从而支持更多并行处理分片。控制分片负责最终决策与争议仲裁。实验验证了Reticulum的创新设计，其在高交易吞吐量与抵御各类网络攻击的鲁棒性方面均优于现有区块链网络分片协议。