Reserve systems are used to accommodate multiple essential or underrepresented groups in allocating indivisible scarce resources by creating categories that prioritize their respective beneficiaries. Some applications include the optimal allocation of vaccines, or assignment of minority students to elite colleges in India. An allocation is called smart if it optimizes the number of units distributed. Previous literature mostly assumed baseline priorities, which impose significant interdependencies between the priority ordering of different categories. It also assumes either everybody is eligible for receiving a unit from any category, or only the beneficiaries are eligible. The comprehensive Threshold Model we propose allows independent priority orderings among categories and arbitrary beneficiary and eligibility thresholds, enabling policymakers to avoid comparing incomparables in affirmative action systems. We present a new smart reserve system that optimizes two objectives simultaneously to allocate scarce resources. Our Smart Pipeline Matching Mechanism achieves all desirable properties in the most general domain possible. Our results apply to any resource allocation market, but we focus our attention on the vaccine allocation problem.

翻译：储备系统通过设立优先惠及特定受益群体的分类，在不可分割稀缺资源分配中兼顾多个关键或弱势群体。典型应用包括疫苗最优分配、印度精英高校少数民族学生配额等。所谓"智能分配"是指最大化单位资源分配总量的方案。现有文献通常假设基准优先级排序，这导致不同分类的优先序列存在显著依赖关系，同时要求要么所有人均有资格获得任何类别资源，要么仅限受益群体享有资格。我们提出的综合阈值模型允许分类间独立排序及任意受益/资格阈值设置，使政策制定者能够在平权行动体系中规避不可比项的比较。我们提出一种新型智能储备系统，通过同步优化两个目标实现稀缺资源分配。我们设计的智能管道匹配机制在最大可能域内实现了所有理想性质。本研究结论适用于所有资源配置市场，但我们将重点聚焦于疫苗分配问题。