The visualization of temporal data on urban buildings, such as shadows, noise, and solar potential, plays a critical role in the analysis of dynamic urban phenomena. However, in dense and geographically constrained 3D urban environments, visual representations of time-varying building data often suffer from occlusion and visual clutter. To address these two challenges, we introduce an immersive lens visualization that integrates a view-dependent cutaway de-occlusion technique and a temporal display derived from a conformal mapping algorithm. The mapping process first partitions irregular building footprints into smaller, sufficiently regular subregions that serve as structural primitives. These subregions are then seamlessly recombined to form a conformal, layered layout for our temporal lens visualization. The view-responsive cutaway is inspired by traditional architectural illustrations, preserving the overall layout of the building and its surroundings to maintain users' sense of spatial orientation. This lens design enables the occlusion-free embedding of shape-adaptive temporal displays across building facades on demand, supporting rapid time-space association for the discovery, access and interpretation of spatiotemporal urban patterns. Guided by domain and design goals, we outline the rationale behind the lens visual and interaction design choices, such as the encoding of time progression and temporal values in the conforming lens image. A user study compares our approach against conventional juxtaposition and x-ray spatiotemporal designs. Results validate the usage and utility of our lens, showing that it improves task accuracy and completion time, reduces navigation effort, and increases user confidence. From these findings, we distill design recommendations and promising directions for future research on spatially-embedded lenses in 3D visualization and urban analytics.

翻译：在城市建筑上可视化时间数据（如阴影、噪声和太阳能潜力）对于分析动态城市现象至关重要。然而，在密集且地理受限的三维城市环境中，时变建筑数据的视觉表示常常受到遮挡和视觉混乱的影响。为应对这两个挑战，我们提出了一种沉浸式透镜可视化方法，该方法集成了视点相关的剖切去遮挡技术以及源自共形映射算法的时间显示。映射过程首先将不规则的建筑基底划分为更小、足够规则的子区域，这些子区域作为结构基元。随后，这些子区域被无缝重组，形成用于我们时间透镜可视化的共形分层布局。视点响应式剖切设计灵感来源于传统建筑插图，它保留了建筑及其周围环境的整体布局，以维持用户的空间方向感。这种透镜设计能够按需在建筑立面上无遮挡地嵌入形状自适应的时间显示，支持快速时空关联，以发现、访问和解读城市时空模式。在领域和设计目标的指导下，我们概述了透镜视觉与交互设计选择背后的基本原理，例如在共形透镜图像中对时间进程和时间值的编码。一项用户研究将我们的方法与传统的并列式和X射线时空设计进行了比较。结果验证了我们透镜的使用性和有效性，表明其提高了任务准确性和完成速度，减少了导航工作量，并增强了用户信心。基于这些发现，我们提炼了设计建议，并展望了未来在三维可视化和城市分析中空间嵌入式透镜研究的有前景方向。