Balanced spiking networks can transition between silent, asynchronous-irregular, and oscillatory states depending on interacting synaptic and temporal time scales, while their joint parameter structure remains incompletely characterized. In this work, we systematically map how postsynaptic decay (τs), conduction delay (d), and plasticity rate (λp) jointly shape oscillatory regimes in recurrent leaky integrate-and-fire networks. By combining Brian2 simulations across the (τs, d, λp) space with a coarse Hopf-reference boundary, we construct regime maps that directly visualize SIL-AI-OSC transitions and corresponding spectral prominence landscapes. The mapped results show that increasing λp expands oscillatory regions toward shorter τs and moderate-to-long delays, while prominence maps identify parameter regions with the strongest rhythmic coherence. Representative control experiments further connect this global landscape to local rhythm-forming mechanisms, showing that STDP freezing weakens rhythmic coherence whereas delay jitter enhances it with minimal change in mean firing rate. As a result, these findings provide a useful reference for operating-point selection, synchrony modulation studies, and future biologically grounded spiking-network modeling within similar balanced-network settings.

翻译：平衡脉冲网络可在静默态、非规则异步态与振荡态之间转换，其转换依赖于相互作用的突触时间尺度和时序时间尺度，但联合参数结构尚未得到完整表征。本研究系统揭示了突触后衰减时间常数(τs)、传导延迟(d)与可塑性速率(λp)如何共同塑造循环泄漏积分-发放网络中的振荡模式。通过在(τs, d, λp)参数空间开展Brian2数值模拟，并辅以粗粒化Hopf参考边界，我们构建了可直接可视化SIL（静默）-AI（非规则异步）-OSC（振荡）状态转换及对应频谱显著度景观的参数区图。结果显示：增大λp可使振荡区域向更短τs及中长延迟方向扩展，而显著度图则刻画出节律相干性最强的参数区域。代表性控制实验进一步将全局景观与局部节律形成机制相关联，表明STDP冻结会弱化节律相干性，而延迟抖动则在平均发放率几乎不变的前提下增强节律相干性。这些发现为相似平衡网络场景下的工作点选择、同步性调制研究及未来基于生物机制的脉冲网络建模提供了重要参考基准。