Academic writing process has benefited from various technological developments over the years including search engines, automatic translators, and editing tools that review grammar and spelling mistakes. They have enabled human writers to become more efficient in writing academic papers, for example by helping with finding relevant literature more effectively and polishing texts. While these developments have so far played a relatively assistive role, recent advances in large-scale language models (LLMs) have enabled LLMs to play a more major role in the writing process, such as coming up with research questions and generating key contents. This raises critical questions surrounding the concept of authorship in academia. ChatGPT, a question-answering system released by OpenAI in November 2022, has demonstrated a range of capabilities that could be utilised in producing academic papers. The academic community will have to address relevant pressing questions, including whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) should be merited authorship if it made significant contributions in the writing process, or whether its use should be restricted such that human authorship would not be undermined. In this paper, we aim to address such questions, and propose a framework we name "PaperCard", a documentation for human authors to transparently declare the use of AI in their writing process.

翻译：学术写作过程得益于多年来的多项技术发展，包括搜索引擎、自动翻译工具以及审查语法和拼写错误的编辑工具。这些工具使人类作者在撰写学术论文时更加高效，例如更有效地查找相关文献和润色文本。尽管这些发展至今主要发挥辅助作用，但近期大规模语言模型（LLMs）的进步使其能够在写作过程中扮演更重要的角色，例如提出研究问题和生成关键内容。这引发了学术界关于作者权概念的关键性问题。由OpenAI于2022年11月发布的问答系统ChatGPT展示了可用于生成学术论文的多种能力。学术界必须应对相关紧迫问题，包括：若人工智能（AI）在写作过程中做出重大贡献，是否应赋予其作者身份；或者是否应限制其使用，以免削弱人类作者权。在本文中，我们旨在解决此类问题，并提出一个名为“PaperCard”的框架，该框架为人类作者提供一份文档，用于透明地声明其在写作过程中对AI的使用情况。