Massive Internet of Things (IoT) networks operate with short packets whose reliability is limited by finite block- length (FBL) effects, while remote deployments increasingly rely on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites for backhaul connectivity that is sensitive to atmospheric attenuation. In this paper, we pro- pose a unified end-to-end framework for satellite-assisted massive IoT networks that jointly models uplink FBL random access, sensing assisted satellite backhaul, and worst user broadcast downlink transmission. Uplink reliability is characterized using stochastic geometry, while atmospheric sensing and conservative SNR margins enable FBL-safe backhaul adaptation. Numerical results reveal an optimal uplink access probability due to the tradeoff between spatial reuse and FBL reliability, and show that sensing assisted backhaul margins significantly improve robustness against attenuation uncertainty.

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