ChatGPT can improve Software Engineering (SE) research practices by offering efficient, accessible information analysis and synthesis based on natural language interactions. However, ChatGPT could bring ethical challenges, encompassing plagiarism, privacy, data security, and the risk of generating biased or potentially detrimental data. This research aims to fill the given gap by elaborating on the key elements: motivators, demotivators, and ethical principles of using ChatGPT in SE research. To achieve this objective, we conducted a literature survey, identified the mentioned elements, and presented their relationships by developing a taxonomy. Further, the identified literature-based elements (motivators, demotivators, and ethical principles) were empirically evaluated by conducting a comprehensive questionnaire-based survey involving SE researchers. Additionally, we employed Interpretive Structure Modeling (ISM) approach to analyze the relationships between the ethical principles of using ChatGPT in SE research and develop a level based decision model. We further conducted a Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis to create a cluster-based decision model. These models aim to help SE researchers devise effective strategies for ethically integrating ChatGPT into SE research by following the identified principles through adopting the motivators and addressing the demotivators. The findings of this study will establish a benchmark for incorporating ChatGPT services in SE research with an emphasis on ethical considerations.

翻译：ChatGPT能够通过基于自然语言交互的高效、便捷的信息分析与综合，提升软件工程（SE）研究实践。然而，ChatGPT可能带来伦理挑战，包括抄袭、隐私、数据安全，以及生成偏见性或潜在有害数据的风险。本研究旨在通过阐述在软件工程研究中使用ChatGPT的关键要素（激励因素、阻碍因素及伦理原则）来填补上述空白。为实现这一目标，我们开展了文献调研，识别了上述要素，并通过构建分类体系呈现其相互关系。此外，我们开展了基于问卷的综合调查，对识别出的文献基础要素（激励因素、阻碍因素及伦理原则）进行了实证评估，调查对象涵盖软件工程研究者。同时，我们采用解释结构建模（ISM）方法，分析了在软件工程研究中使用ChatGPT的伦理原则之间的关联，并构建了层次化决策模型。进一步地，我们运用交叉影响矩阵相乘分类法（MICMAC）分析，生成了基于聚类的决策模型。这些模型旨在通过遵循所识别的伦理原则——采纳激励因素并应对阻碍因素——帮助软件工程研究者制定有效策略，在研究中合乎伦理地整合ChatGPT服务。本研究的发现将为在软件工程研究中纳入ChatGPT服务树立伦理考量方面的基准。