Blockchain technology is a breakthrough in changing the ways of business and organization operations, in which the consensus problem is challenging with practical constraints, such as computational power and consensus standard. In this paper, a novel consensus mechanism named Proof-of-Prospect-Theory (PoPT) is designed from the view of game theory, where the game prospect value is considered as an important election criterion of the block-recorder. PoPT portrays the popularity of a node in the network as an attribute, which is constituted by the subjective sensibilities of nodes. Furthermore, the performances of the PoPT and the willingness of ordinary nodes to participate in the consensus are analyzed, exploring fairness, decentralization, credibility, and the motivating ability of the consensus mechanism. Finally, numerical simulations with optimization of the PoPT consensus mechanism are demonstrated in the scenario of a smart grid system to illustrate the effectiveness of the PoPT.

翻译：区块链技术是改变商业与组织运作方式的突破性创新，其中共识问题在计算能力、共识标准等实际约束下具有挑战性。本文从博弈论视角设计了一种名为"前景理论证明（PoPT）"的新型共识机制，将博弈前景值作为区块记录者的重要选举标准。PoPT将节点在网络中的流行度刻画为一种属性，该属性由节点的主观感知构成。进一步分析了PoPT的性能及普通节点参与共识的意愿，探讨了共识机制的公平性、去中心化程度、可信度及激励能力。最后，在智能电网系统场景中展示了PoPT共识机制优化后的数值仿真结果，验证了PoPT的有效性。