Elections repeat commonly after a fixed time interval, ranging from months to years. This results in limitations on governance since elected candidates or policies are difficult to remove before the next elections, if needed, and allowed by the corresponding law. Participants may decide (through a public deliberation) to change their choices but have no opportunity to vote for these choices before the next elections. Another issue is the peak-end effect, where the judgment of voters is based on how they felt a short time before the elections. To address these issues, we propose Always on Voting (AoV) -- a repetitive voting framework that allows participants to vote and change elected candidates or policies without waiting for the next elections. Participants are permitted to privately change their vote at any point in time, while the effect of their change is manifested at the end of each epoch, whose duration is shorter than the time between two main elections. To thwart the problem of peak-end effect in epochs, the ends of epochs are randomized and made unpredictable, while preserved within soft bounds. These goals are achieved using the synergy between a Bitcoin puzzle oracle, verifiable delay function, and smart contracts.

翻译：选举通常每隔固定时间（从数月到数年）重复举行。这导致治理上的局限性：若在下次选举前需要（且法律允许）撤换当选候选人或政策，往往难以实现。参与者可能通过公共讨论决定改变选择，但在下次选举前却无机会投票表达这些新选择。另一个问题是峰终效应，即选民判断往往基于选举前短时间内的感受。为解决这些问题，我们提出“始终在线投票”（AoV）——一种允许参与者无需等待下次选举即可投票并变更当选候选人或政策的重复投票框架。参与者可在任意时间点秘密更改其投票，而更改效果将在每个周期结束时显现，周期时长短于两次主要选举间隔。为消除周期中的峰终效应，周期结束时间被随机化且不可预测，同时控制在软边界内。这些目标通过比特币谜题预言机、可验证延迟函数与智能合约的协同机制得以实现。