The aim of this work is to enhance blockchain security by deepening the understanding of selfish mining attacks in various consensus protocols, especially the ones that have the potential to mitigate selfish mining. Previous research was mainly focused on a particular protocol with a single selfish miner, while only limited studies have been conducted on two or more attackers. To address this gap, we proposed a stochastic simulation framework that enables analysis of selfish mining with multiple attackers across various consensus protocols. We created the model of Proof-of-Work (PoW) Nakamoto consensus (serving as the baseline) as well as models of two additional consensus protocols designed to mitigate selfish mining: Fruitchain and Strongchain. Using our framework, thresholds reported in the literature were verified, and several novel thresholds were discovered for 2 and more attackers. We made the source code of our framework available, enabling researchers to evaluate any newly added protocol with one or more selfish miners and cross-compare it with already modeled protocols.

翻译：本研究旨在通过深化对不同共识协议中自私挖矿攻击的理解，特别是针对那些具备缓解自私挖矿潜力的协议，以增强区块链安全性。先前研究主要集中于单一自私矿工攻击特定协议的场景，而对两个或更多攻击者的研究则十分有限。为填补这一空白，我们提出了一个随机模拟框架，该框架能够分析多种共识协议下多攻击者参与的自私挖矿行为。我们构建了工作量证明（PoW）Nakamoto共识模型（作为基线），以及两种旨在缓解自私挖矿的额外共识协议模型：Fruitchain与Strongchain。利用该框架，我们验证了文献中已报道的阈值，并为2个及更多攻击者场景发现了若干新的阈值。我们公开了框架的源代码，使研究人员能够评估任何新添加协议在单矿工或多矿工自私挖矿下的表现，并与已建模的协议进行交叉比较。