In this work, we propose a Deep neural network-assisted Particle Filter-based (DePF) approach to address the Mobile User (MU) joint synchronization and localization (sync\&loc) problem in ultra dense networks. In particular, DePF deploys an asymmetric time-stamp exchange mechanism between the MUs and the Access Points (APs), which, traditionally, provides us with information about the MUs' clock offset and skew. However, information about the distance between an AP and an MU is also intrinsic to the propagation delay experienced by exchanged time-stamps. In addition, to estimate the angle of arrival of the received synchronization packet, DePF draws on the multiple signal classification algorithm that is fed by Channel Impulse Response (CIR) experienced by the sync packets. The CIR is also leveraged on to determine the link condition, i.e. Line-of-Sight (LoS) or Non-LoS. Finally, to perform joint sync\&loc, DePF capitalizes on particle Gaussian mixtures that allow for a hybrid particle-based and parametric Bayesian Recursive Filtering (BRF) fusion of the aforementioned pieces of information and thus jointly estimate the position and clock parameters of the MUs. The simulation results verifies the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-art schemes, especially that of Extended Kalman filter- and linearized BRF-based joint sync\&loc. In particular, only drawing on the synchronization time-stamp exchange and CIRs, for 90$\%$of the cases, the absolute position and clock offset estimation error remain below 1 meter and 2 nanoseconds, respectively.

翻译：在这项工作中,我们建议采用深神经网络协助的粒子过滤(Deppy)法,解决超稠密网络中移动用户(MU)联合同步和本地化(sync ⁇ loc)问题;特别是,DPF在MU和接入点(APs)之间部署不对称的时间戳交换机制,该机制传统上向我们提供关于MUs时钟抵消和扭曲的信息;然而,关于AP和MU之间的距离的信息也是交换时间戳所经历的传播延迟所固有的;此外,除了估计收到的同步组合的到达角度外,DEPF还利用了由同步组合的Chyel Impulse反应(CIR)提供的多种信号分类算法。 CIR还利用了确定链接条件,即:Sight-Sight(LOS)或Non-Los-LOS。最后,进行联合同步 ⁇ 基计算,DePF利用颗粒高的混合物来进行基于混合粒子和对准的同步同步2级同步组合数据包的到达角度定位;Brus-lorimal-loral-loral-loral imal-lational-roupal-lock-lock-rouplational 和Bildal-lock-lick(Breval-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-lock-l) 和BIGs) 和IGlock-lock-lock-lock-lock-l) 的计算结果。