The current plan divides the UC Berkeley (UCB) campus energy system into five nodes, where the Business and Law node was studied because of an open field site for borehole installation. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Commercial Prototype Building Models were used to estimate heating and cooling load requirements for UCB campus building types by considering model characteristics (for example, high base load from hospitals, high DHW in hotels) corresponding to the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013. Unscaled load profiles were created from the EnergyPlus building energy simulation and scaled with monitored peak load and annual energy use to generate the target node's hourly heating and cooling load profiles. An optimization problem was solved to design a hybrid GSHP system, where the objective function is the lifetime total cost of the system, and the optimization variables are the portion of heating and cooling loads covered by the GSHP system. Modelica models for air source and ground source heat pump systems were built for detailed case studies based on optimization results. In the Modelica model, the demand side is connected to the radiators in the building to transfer heat, and the source side is connected to GSHP, ASHP, or other heating and cooling facilities. The results demonstrate that an appropriate hybrid GSHP system can help reduce both borehole numbers and electricity consumption for the UCB campus site.

翻译：本研究将加州大学伯克利分校（UCB）校园能源系统划分为五个节点，其中商业与法律节点因具备开放场地可供钻孔安装而被选定为研究对象。采用太平洋西北国家实验室开发的商业原型建筑模型，结合ASHRAE 90.1-2013标准中对应建筑类型的特征（例如：医院的高基础负荷、酒店的高生活热水负荷），估算UCB校园各类建筑的供暖与制冷负荷需求。基于EnergyPlus建筑能耗模拟生成未标度负荷曲线，并通过实测峰值负荷与年能耗数据进行标定，从而获得目标节点逐时的供暖与制冷负荷曲线。为设计混合地源热泵系统，建立以系统全生命周期总成本为目标函数、以地源热泵系统承担的供暖与制冷负荷比例为优化变量的优化模型。根据优化结果，利用Modelica建立空气源与地源热泵系统模型进行详细案例研究：在模型中，需求侧连接建筑散热器以传递热量，源侧分别接入地源热泵、空气源热泵或其他供暖制冷设施。结果表明，合理的混合地源热泵系统可同时减少UCB校园场地的钻孔数量与电力消耗。