The Braess's Paradox (BP) is the observation that adding one or more roads to the existing road network will counter-intuitively increase traffic congestion and slow down the overall traffic flow. Previously, the existence of the BP is modeled using the static traffic assignment model, which solves for the user equilibrium subject to network flow conservation to find the equilibrium state and distributes all vehicles instantaneously. Such approach neglects the dynamic nature of real-world traffic, including vehicle behaviors and the interaction between vehicles and the infrastructure. As such, this article proposes a dynamic traffic network model and empirically validates the existence of the BP under dynamic traffic. In particular, we use microsimulation environment to study the impacts of an added path on a grid network. We explore how the network flow, vehicle travel time, and network capacity respond, as well as when the BP will occur.

翻译：布雷斯悖论（BP）是指：在现有道路网络中增建一条或多条道路，反而会反直觉地加剧交通拥堵并降低整体交通流速度。此前，BP的存在性通过静态交通分配模型进行建模，该模型在满足网络流量守恒条件下求解用户均衡状态，并假设所有车辆瞬时完成分布。这种建模方法忽视了真实交通的动态特性，包括车辆行为及车辆与基础设施的交互作用。为此，本文提出一种动态交通网络模型，并通过实证验证了动态交通条件下BP的存在性。具体而言，我们运用微观仿真环境，研究在网格状道路网络中新增路径对系统的影响，探究网络流量、车辆行程时间及网络容量的响应规律，同时明确BP的发生条件。