Penalization is a widely used approach to model selection with roots in information theory and Bayesian inference. We study a model selection problem involving non-nested candidate models for which penalization is counterproductive. We propose a Maximum Likelihood Criterion for this non-nested setting that selects the candidate model with the highest maximum likelihood. This criterion does not take into consideration the number of parameters of a candidate model. It is well-suited for situations where all candidate models are regarded as equal with no preference for models having fewer parameters. We establish the consistency of this criterion and compare its performance with that of existing penalization-based criteria.

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