Whenever humans use tools human performance is enhanced. Cognitive systems are a new kind of tool continually increasing in cognitive capability and are now performing high level cognitive tasks previously thought to be explicitly human. Usage of such tools, known as cogs, are expected to result in ever increasing levels of human cognitive augmentation. In a human cog ensemble, a cooperative, peer to peer, and collaborative dialog between a human and a cognitive system, human cognitive capability is augmented as a result of the interaction. The human cog ensemble is therefore able to achieve more than just the human or the cog working alone. This article presents results from two studies designed to measure the effect information supplied by a cog has on cognitive accuracy, the ability to produce the correct result, and cognitive precision, the propensity to produce only the correct result. Both cognitive accuracy and cognitive precision are shown to be increased by information of different types (policies and rules, examples, and suggestions) and with different kinds of problems (inventive problem solving and puzzles). Similar effects shown in other studies are compared.

翻译：每当人类使用工具时，人类的表现能力便得到提升。认知系统作为一种新型工具，其认知能力持续增长，现已能执行先前被认为属于人类专属的高层级认知任务。使用这类被称为“认知体”的工具，有望带来人类认知能力的持续增强。在人机协作整体中，人类与认知系统之间通过合作、对等且协作的对话进行交互，使得人类认知能力在此互动过程中获得增强。因此，人机协作整体能够实现比人类或认知体单独工作时更高的成就。本文呈现了两项研究成果，旨在测量认知体提供的信息对人类认知准确性（产生正确结果的能力）和认知精度（仅产生正确结果的倾向）的影响。研究证明，不同类型的信息（政策与规则、示例、建议）以及不同类型的问题（创造性问题解决与谜题）均能提升认知准确性与精度。文中还对比了其他研究中发现的相似效应。