Augmented Reality (AR) applications are becoming more mainstream, with successful examples in the mobile environment like Pokemon GO. Current malicious techniques can exploit these environments' immersive and mixed nature (physical-virtual) to trick users into providing more personal information, i.e., dark patterns. Dark patterns are deceiving techniques (e.g., interface tricks) designed to influence individuals' behavioural decisions. However, there are few studies regarding dark patterns' potential issues in AR environments. In this work, using scenario construction to build our prototypes, we investigate the potential future approaches that dark patterns can have. We use VR mockups in our user study to analyze the effects of dark patterns in AR. Our study indicates that dark patterns are effective in immersive scenarios, and the use of novel techniques such as `haptic grabbing' to drag participants' attention can influence their movements. Finally, we discuss the impact of such malicious techniques and what techniques can mitigate them.
翻译:增强现实(AR)应用正日趋主流,移动端如《精灵宝可梦GO》等成功案例不断涌现。当前恶意技术可借助这类环境的沉浸式与虚实混合特性,诱骗用户提供更多个人信息,即暗模式。暗模式是旨在影响个体行为决策的欺骗性技术(如界面陷阱)。然而,目前关于暗模式在AR环境中潜在问题的研究尚属少数。本研究通过场景构建制作原型,探究暗模式未来可能采用的方案。我们在用户研究中运用VR模拟场景分析暗模式在AR中的影响。研究结果表明,暗模式在沉浸式场景中具有显著效果,而触觉抓取等新兴技术通过转移用户注意力可影响其行为轨迹。最后,我们探讨此类恶意技术的影响及相应的防御策略。