We establish that a practical polynomial-time algorithm obtains near-optimal $\frac23$-balanced vertex separators for a number of graph classes, including genus-$g$ graphs, $K_h$-minor-free graphs, and geometric graphs. For many of these classes, our polynomial-time separator bounds improve on previous work. Moreover, unlike previous work, all these separators are produced by a single unified algorithm that has no specialization for the graph class, and this algorithm admits a scalable implementation with good empirical results. Furthermore, our approach is robust to graphs falling just outside these classes, making it appropriate for practical applications like road networks. A key distinction of our approach, compared to previous work, is the disentanglement of our algorithm and its analysis for specific graph classes. Our algorithm is based on a newly improved form of a recent Cheeger-style inequality relating the value of a special semidefinite program to vertex expansion. Our analysis then only has to directly bound the value of this semidefinite program for each graph class, and constructions for these bounds need not be algorithmic. Finally, we obtain several results of independent interest. These include an improved (existential) separator theorem for intersection graphs of $k$-ply $d$-dimensional balls, an improved bound on the Fiedler value of genus-$g$ graphs, and a complete spectral proof of the planar separator theorem.

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