This study employs linear regression and structural equation modeling to explore how Thinking Skills, Design Thinking, Creative Self-Efficacy (CSE), and Collective Creative Efficacy (CCE) drive Design Creativity & Innovation, and analyzes the structural stability of the model across different levels of experience. Path analysis results indicate that the four Design Thinking Skills, Problem-driven Design (beta = 0.198, p < 0.01), Information-driven Design (beta = 0.241, p < 0.001), Solution-driven Design (beta = 0.227, p < 0.001), and Knowledge-driven Design (beta = 0.263, p < 0.001) all significantly and positively influence Design Thinking. Furthermore, Design Thinking has a significant positive predictive effect on Design Creativity & Innovation (beta = 0.286, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis confirms three significant mediation paths: the CSE mediation path (beta = 0.128, p < 0.001), the CCE mediation path (beta = 0.073, p < 0.01), and the "CSE to CCE" chain mediation path (beta = 0.025, p < 0.01). Multi-group comparison results reveal significant differences between the student and professional groups under the full equivalence model. After relaxing specific constraints, there were no significant differences between the nested models of the baseline model, partial measurement invariance, structural weight invariance, and structural covariance invariance. These findings elucidate the multi-dimensional pathways of Design Creativity & Innovation, providing a robust empirical basis for optimizing differentiated pedagogical models and professional practice guidelines.

翻译：本研究采用线性回归与结构方程模型，探讨思维技能、设计思维、创意自我效能感与集体创意效能感如何驱动设计创意与创新，并分析模型在不同经验水平下的结构稳定性。路径分析结果表明，问题驱动设计（β = 0.198, p < 0.01）、信息驱动设计（β = 0.241, p < 0.001）、方案驱动设计（β = 0.227, p < 0.001）和知识驱动设计（β = 0.263, p < 0.001）这四项设计思维技能均对设计思维具有显著正向影响。此外，设计思维对设计创意与创新具有显著正向预测作用（β = 0.286, p < 0.001）。中介效应分析确认了三条显著的中介路径：创意自我效能感中介路径（β = 0.128, p < 0.001）、集体创意效能感中介路径（β = 0.073, p < 0.01）以及“创意自我效能感→集体创意效能感”链式中介路径（β = 0.025, p < 0.01）。多群组比较结果显示，学生组与专业组在全等同模型下存在显著差异。在放松特定约束后，基线模型、部分测量不变性、结构权重不变性与结构协方差不变性的嵌套模型之间均未出现显著差异。这些发现阐明了设计创意与创新的多维作用路径，为优化差异化教学模式与专业实践指南提供了坚实的实证依据。