Neutral atom arrays have become a promising platform for quantum computing, especially the field programmable qubit array (FPQA) endowed with the unique capability of atom movement. This feature allows dynamic alterations in qubit connectivity during runtime, which can reduce the cost of executing long-range gates and improve parallelism. However, this added flexibility introduces new challenges in circuit compilation. Inspired by the placement and routing strategies for FPGAs, we propose to map all data qubits to fixed atoms while utilizing movable atoms to route for 2-qubit gates between data qubits. Coined flying ancillas, these mobile atoms function as ancilla qubits, dynamically generated and recycled during execution. We present Q-Pilot, a scalable compiler for FPQA employing flying ancillas to maximize circuit parallelism. For two important quantum applications, quantum simulation and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), we devise domain-specific routing strategies. In comparison to alternative technologies such as superconducting devices or fixed atom arrays, Q-Pilot effectively harnesses the flexibility of FPQA, achieving reductions of 1.4x, 27.7x, and 6.3x in circuit depth for 100-qubit random, quantum simulation, and QAOA circuits, respectively.

翻译：中性原子阵列已成为量子计算的有前景平台，尤其是具备原子移动独特能力的现场可编程量子比特阵列（FPQA）。这一特性允许在运行过程中动态改变量子比特连接方式，从而降低长程门操作的执行成本并提升并行性。然而，这种新增的灵活性给电路编译带来了新挑战。受FPGA布局与布线策略启发，我们提出将所有数据量子比特映射到固定原子上，同时利用可移动原子为数据量子比特间的双量子比特门进行路由。这些被命名为"飞行辅助量子比特"的可移动原子作为辅助量子比特，在运行时被动态生成和回收。我们提出Q-Pilot——一种采用飞行辅助量子比特最大化电路并行性的FPQA可扩展编译器。针对量子模拟和量子近似优化算法（QAOA）这两类重要量子应用，我们设计了领域特定的路由策略。与超导器件或固定原子阵列等替代技术相比，Q-Pilot有效利用了FPQA的灵活性，在100量子比特的随机电路、量子模拟电路和QAOA电路中，分别实现了1.4倍、27.7倍和6.3倍的电路深度缩减。