Voltage fluctuations are common disturbances in power grids. Initially, it is necessary to selectively identify individual sources of voltage fluctuations to take actions to minimize the effects of voltage fluctuations. Selective identification of disturbing loads is possible by using a signal chain consisting of demodulation, decomposition, and assessment of the propagation of component signals. The accuracy of such an approach is closely related to the applied decomposition method. The paper presents a new method for decomposition by approximation with pulse waves. The proposed method allows for an correct identification of selected parameters, that is, the frequency of changes in the operating state of individual sources of voltage fluctuations and the amplitude of voltage changes caused by them. The article presents results from numerical simulation studies and laboratory experimental studies, based on which the estimation errors of the indicated parameters were determined by the proposed decomposition method and other empirical decomposition methods available in the literature. The real states that occur in power grids were recreated in the research. The metrological interpretation of the results obtained from the numerical simulation and experimental research is discussed.

翻译：电压波动是电网中常见的扰动。初始阶段，需要选择性地识别电压波动的单个来源，以便采取措施最小化电压波动的影响。通过使用由解调、分解和分量信号传播评估组成的信号链，可以实现对扰动负荷的选择性识别。这种方法的精度与所采用的分解方法密切相关。本文提出了一种基于脉冲波近似分解的新方法。所提出的方法能够正确识别选定参数，即单个电压波动源工作状态变化的频率及其引起的电压变化幅值。文中展示了数值仿真研究和实验室实验研究的结果，基于这些结果，通过所提出的分解方法以及文献中已有的其他经验分解方法，确定了所述参数的估计误差。研究重现了电网中实际发生的真实状态。文中还讨论了数值仿真与实验研究所获结果的计量学解释。