We present a method for obtaining unbiased signal estimates in the presence of a significant unknown background, eliminating the need for a parametric model for the background itself. Our approach is based on a minimal set of conditions for observation and background estimators, which are typically satisfied in practical scenarios. To showcase the effectiveness of our method, we apply it to simulated data from the planned dielectric axion haloscope MADMAX.

翻译：我们提出了一种在存在显著未知背景的情况下获得无偏信号估计的方法，无需对背景本身建立参数化模型。该方法基于观测值和背景估计量所需满足的一组最小化条件，这些条件在实际场景中通常能够满足。为展示该方法的有效性，我们将其应用于计划中的介质轴子谐振腔实验MADMAX的模拟数据。