C\^ote d'Ivoire and Ghana, the world's largest producers of cocoa, account for two thirds of the global cocoa production. In both countries, cocoa is the primary perennial crop, providing income to almost two million farmers. Yet precise maps of cocoa planted area are missing, hindering accurate quantification of expansion in protected areas, production and yields, and limiting information available for improved sustainability governance. Here, we combine cocoa plantation data with publicly available satellite imagery in a deep learning framework and create high-resolution maps of cocoa plantations for both countries, validated in situ. Our results suggest that cocoa cultivation is an underlying driver of over 37% and 13% of forest loss in protected areas in C\^ote d'Ivoire and Ghana, respectively, and that official reports substantially underestimate the planted area, up to 40% in Ghana. These maps serve as a crucial building block to advance understanding of conservation and economic development in cocoa producing regions.

翻译：科特迪瓦和加纳是全球最大的可可生产国，占全球可可产量的三分之二。在这两个国家，可可作为主要多年生经济作物，为近两百万农民提供收入来源。然而，可可种植面积的精确地图目前尚属空白，这阻碍了对保护区扩张规模、产量及单产的准确量化，也制约了提升可持续治理所需的信息基础。本研究将可可种植园数据与公开卫星影像相结合，采用深度学习框架，构建了经实地验证的两国可可种植园高分辨率地图。结果表明，可可种植是导致科特迪瓦和加纳保护区内分别超过37%和13%森林损失的潜在驱动因素，且官方报告显著低估了种植面积——加纳的漏报程度高达40%。这些地图作为关键基础数据，将推动对可可产区生态保护与经济发展的深入理解。