In large-scale resource-constrained wireless networks, such as those prevalent in the Internet of Things (IoT), efficient communication scheduling remains a critical challenge. Among the various approaches, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocols have been widely adopted for their structured and collision-free communication capabilities. Nevertheless, despite extensive research in this area, current solutions often exhibit suboptimal performance, particularly in dynamic environments where node activity levels fluctuate over time. This paper introduces a novel fully distributed TDMA-based scheduling protocol that intelligently maximizes the utilization of communication resources. The proposed approach adaptively reallocates underutilized time slots, originally assigned to temporarily inactive nodes, to those experiencing higher communication demands. This dynamic reallocation not only improves channel utilization but also reduces idle periods, thereby enhancing overall network efficiency. To further enhance performance, we incorporate a lightweight probabilistic mechanism that governs the temporal leasing of unused slots. This mechanism balances the trade-off between slot availability and transmission reliability, minimizing packet loss while preserving fairness and stability within the network. Simulations across a range of network scenarios demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves throughput, latency, and reliability in resource-constrained environments. These results highlight the protocol's potential as a robust and scalable solution for adaptive and energy-efficient scheduling in next-generation IoT networks.

翻译：在资源受限的大规模无线网络（如物联网中普遍存在的网络）中，高效的通信调度仍然是一个关键挑战。在各种方法中，时分多址协议因其结构化且无冲突的通信能力而被广泛采用。然而，尽管该领域已有广泛研究，现有解决方案通常表现出次优性能，尤其是在节点活动水平随时间波动的动态环境中。本文提出了一种新颖的完全分布式、基于时分多址的调度协议，该协议能智能地最大化通信资源的利用率。所提出的方法自适应地将原本分配给暂时不活跃节点的未充分利用的时隙，重新分配给具有更高通信需求的节点。这种动态重新分配不仅提高了信道利用率，还减少了空闲时段，从而提升了整体网络效率。为了进一步提升性能，我们引入了一种轻量级的概率机制来管理未使用时隙的临时租赁。该机制平衡了时隙可用性与传输可靠性之间的权衡，在保持网络内公平性和稳定性的同时，最大限度地减少了数据包丢失。一系列网络场景下的仿真结果表明，我们的协议在资源受限环境中显著提高了吞吐量、降低了延迟并增强了可靠性。这些结果凸显了该协议作为下一代物联网网络中自适应且高能效调度的鲁棒、可扩展解决方案的潜力。