Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers face a critical limitation in qubit numbers, hindering their progression towards large-scale and fault-tolerant quantum computing. A significant challenge impeding scaling is crosstalk, characterized by unwanted interactions among neighboring components on quantum chips, including qubits, resonators, and substrate. We motivate a general approach to systematically resolving multifaceted crosstalks in a limited substrate area. We propose Qplacer, a frequency-aware electrostatic-based placement framework tailored for superconducting quantum computers, to alleviate crosstalk by isolating these components in spatial and frequency domains alongside compact substrate design. Qplacer commences with a frequency assigner that ensures frequency domain isolation for qubits and resonators. It then incorporates a padding strategy and resonator partitioning for layout flexibility. Central to our approach is the conceptualization of quantum components as charged particles, enabling strategic spatial isolation through a 'frequency repulsive force' concept. Our results demonstrate that Qplacer carefully crafts the physical component layout in mitigating various crosstalk impacts while maintaining a compact substrate size. On various device topologies and NISQ benchmarks, Qplacer improves fidelity by an average of 36.7x and reduces spatial violations (susceptible to crosstalk) by an average of 12.76x, compared to classical placement engines. Regarding area optimization, compared to manual designs, Qplacer can reduce the required layout area by 2.14x on average

翻译：噪声中尺度量子（NISQ）计算机面临量子比特数量的关键限制，这阻碍了其向大规模容错量子计算发展。制约规模化的一个主要挑战是串扰，即量子芯片上相邻组件（包括量子比特、谐振器和衬底）之间发生非预期的相互作用。我们提出一种通用方法，在有限衬底面积内系统性解决多类型串扰问题。为此设计了Qplacer——一种面向超导量子计算机的频率感知静电布局框架，通过在空间和频率域隔离组件并紧凑设计衬底来缓解串扰。Qplacer首先采用频率分配器确保量子比特与谐振器的频率域隔离，随后引入填充策略和谐振器分区以提升布局灵活性。其核心创新在于将量子组件概念化为带电粒子，通过"频率排斥力"概念实现策略性空间隔离。实验结果表明，Qplacer通过精心设计物理组件布局，在保持紧凑衬底尺寸的同时有效抑制各类串扰影响。在多种器件拓扑结构和NISQ基准测试中，相比经典布局引擎，Qplacer平均提升保真度36.7倍，并将空间违规（易受串扰影响）平均降低12.76倍。在面积优化方面，相较于人工设计，Qplacer可将所需布局面积平均缩减2.14倍。