Research in XR (Extended Reality) has conventionally centred upon concepts such as Presence, Embodiment, Social Presence, and Co-presence. Within these traditions, bodily action, sensory contingencies, synchronous interaction, and possibilities for action have generally been regarded as constitutive conditions for the experience of "being there" and of being with others. XR environments, however, permit the partial separation of conditions that ordinarily co-vary in everyday experience. Bodily co-presence, temporal simultaneity, spatial configuration, and social interaction need not remain inseparable. This paper approaches this possibility as a problem of other-presentness. Other-presentness refers to the conditions under which another individual is experienced as existing "here and now". The contribution of this paper does not lie in arguing that asynchronous others can evoke social responses; such observations have already been addressed within parasocial interaction and social presence research. Rather, the novelty lies in theorising XR as a technological condition capable of separating and operationalising the constitutive elements of other-presentness as design variables. Reconsidering Bodyless Presence as a methodological precedent and drawing upon experimental findings from Immersive Video research, this paper formulates Bodyless Presentness as a condition in which another individual continues to be experienced as presently existing despite attenuated bodily co-presence and weakened real-time simultaneity.

翻译：扩展现实（XR）领域的研究传统上集中于“在场感”“具身化”“社会在场”与“共在场”等概念。在这些传统中，身体行动、感知偶然性、同步交互以及行动可能性通常被视为“身临其境”及与他人共在的构成性条件。然而，XR 环境允许分离日常经验中通常共变的条件：身体共在、时间同步性、空间配置与社会互动不必再紧密交织。本文将这一可能性视为“他人在场性”问题。他人在场性指另一个人被体验为“此时此地”存在的条件。本文的贡献不在于论证非同步的他人能够唤起社会性反应——此类观察已在准社会互动与社会在场研究中得到探讨——而在于将 XR 理论化为一种技术条件，能够将他人在场性的构成要素分离并操作为设计变量。本文以“无身体在场”作为方法论先例，并借鉴沉浸式视频研究的实验发现，提出“无身体在场性”这一概念，描述即使身体共在性减弱、实时同步性弱化，他人仍被持续体验为当下存在的状态。