Context: Open Source Software (OSS) is a crucial component of over 90\% of digital infrastructure underpinning industry and public digital services, facilitating collaborative software development and dissemination. Its significance in the European public sector has been emphasised through various Ministerial Declarations, highlighting its potential to accelerate digitalisation, transform businesses, and foster a digitally skilled population. Research Aim: This study aims to explore how the adoption, development, and collaboration on OSS can be enabled through organisational support functions or centres of competency, also known as Open Source Programme Offices (OSPOs) within Public Sector Organisations (PSOs) in the European Union, Norway, Liechtenstein, and Iceland. Methodology: A qualitative research approach was adopted, involving an interview survey of 18 OSPO representatives across 16 cases of public-sector OSPOs. These cases were cross-analysed and categorised into six OSPO archetypes. The findings were validated and enriched through two follow-up focus groups that included earlier interviewees and additional experts. Results: The study identified six distinct OSPO archetypes, providing insights into their organisational structures, responsibilities, and contributions to OSS adoption. The archetypes, along with policy recommendations, offer guidance on how PSOs can design their own OSPOs, taking into account their specific context, resources, and policy goals. Conclusions: The findings enhance the understanding of OSPOs as strategic endeavours aimed at promoting OSS adoption. The study offers practical guidance for PSOs and policymakers on leveraging OSS to achieve strategic objectives, foster digital sovereignty, drive economic growth, and improve the interoperability and quality of digital services.

翻译：背景：开源软件（Open Source Software，OSS）是支撑工业与公共数字化服务的基础设施中超过90%的核心组成部分，促进了协作式软件开发与传播。各层级部长宣言均强调其在欧洲公共部门中的重要性，指出其加速数字化转型、推动企业变革以及培养数字技能型人口的潜力。研究目标：本研究旨在探究如何通过组织支持职能或能力中心（即公共部门组织中的开源项目办公室，Open Source Programme Offices，OSPOs）来推动开源软件的采用、开发与协作，研究对象涵盖欧盟、挪威、列支敦士登和冰岛的公共部门组织（Public Sector Organisations，PSOs）。方法：采用定性研究方法，对16个公共部门OSPO案例中的18名OSPO代表进行访谈调查。通过交叉分析将这些案例归纳为六种OSPO原型模式，并通过两次后续焦点小组（包含前期受访者与额外专家）对研究发现进行验证与充实。结果：研究识别出六种不同的OSPO原型模式，揭示了其组织结构、职责范围以及对OSS采用的贡献。这些原型模式与政策建议共同为公共部门组织如何根据自身情境、资源与政策目标设计OSPO提供了指导。结论：研究结论深化了对OSPO作为推动OSS采用战略举措的理解，为公共部门组织与政策制定者提供了利用OSS实现战略目标、提升数字主权、驱动经济增长以及改善数字服务互操作性与质量的实践指导。