The specification of requirements and tests are crucial activities in automotive development projects. However, due to the increasing complexity of automotive systems, practitioners fail to specify requirements and tests for distributed and evolving systems with complex interactions when following traditional development processes. To address this research gap, we propose a technique that starts with the early identification of validation concerns from a stakeholder perspective, which we use to systematically design tests that drive a scenario-based modeling and analysis of system requirements. To ensure complete and consistent requirements and test specifications in a form that is required in automotive development projects, we develop a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology. This methodology supports system architects and test designers in the collaborative application of our technique and in maintaining a central system model, in order to automatically derive the required specifications. We evaluate our methodology by applying it at KOSTAL (Tier1 supplier) and within student projects as part of the masters program Embedded Systems Engineering. Our study corroborates that our methodology is applicable and improves existing requirements and test specification processes by supporting the integrated and stakeholder-focused modeling of product and validation systems, where the early definition of stakeholder and validation concerns fosters a problem-oriented, iterative and test-driven requirements modeling.

翻译：需求与测试的规范制定是汽车开发项目中的关键活动。然而，由于汽车系统日益复杂化，传统开发流程难以应对分布式、持续演进的系统及其复杂交互场景，导致从业人员无法有效制定相关需求与测试规范。为填补这一研究空白，我们提出一种技术方法：首先从利益相关者视角识别早期验证关注点，并以此为指导系统化设计测试用例，驱动基于场景的系统需求建模与分析。为确保汽车开发项目所需的完整一致的需求与测试规范，我们构建了一种基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）方法论。该方法论支持系统架构师与测试设计师协同应用本技术，并维护核心系统模型，从而自动生成所需规范文档。通过在一级供应商KOSTAL及嵌入式系统工程硕士项目中的学生课题中应用评估，该方法的可行性得到验证。研究结果表明：该方法通过支持产品与验证系统的集成化、利益相关者导向建模，有效改进了现有需求与测试规范制定流程——利益相关者与验证关注点的早期定义催生了面向问题、迭代演进与测试驱动的需求建模范式。