Decentralized applications rely on non-centralized technical infrastructures and coordination principles. Without trusted third parties, their execution is not controlled by entities exercising centralized coordination but is instead realized through technologies supporting distribution such as blockchains and serverless computing. Executing decentralized applications with these technologies, however, is challenging due to the limited transparency and insight in the execution, especially when involving centralized cloud platforms. This paper extends an approach for execution and instance tracking on blockchains and cloud platforms permitting distributed parties to observe the instances and states of executable models. The approach is extended with (1.) a metamodel describing the concepts for instance tracking on cloud platforms independent of concrete models or implementation, (2.) a multidimensional data model realizing the concepts accordingly, permitting the verifiable storage, tracking, and analysis of execution states for distributed parties, and (3.) an implementation on the Ethereum blockchain and Amazon Web Services (AWS) using state machine models. Towards supporting decentralized applications with high scalability and distribution requirements, the approach establishes a consistent view on instances for distributed parties to track and analyze the execution along multiple dimensions such as specific clients and execution engines.

翻译：去中心化应用依赖于非中心化的技术基础设施与协调原则。在缺乏可信第三方的情况下，其执行过程不受行使集中式协调的实体控制，而是通过支持分布性的技术（如区块链与无服务器计算）来实现。然而，借助这些技术执行去中心化应用面临挑战，原因在于执行过程的透明度与洞察力有限，尤其是在涉及中心化云平台时。本文对一种面向区块链与云平台的执行与实例追踪方法进行了扩展，使分布式参与方能够观察可执行模型的实例与状态。该方法的扩展内容包括：（1）一个描述云平台上独立于具体模型或实现的实例追踪概念的元模型；（2）一个据此实现相关概念的多维数据模型，支持分布式参与方对执行状态进行可验证存储、追踪与分析；（3）基于以太坊区块链与亚马逊云服务（AWS），利用状态机模型的具体实现。为支持具有高可扩展性与分布性需求的去中心化应用，该方法为分布式参与方建立了关于实例的一致性视图，使其能够沿特定客户端与执行引擎等多个维度对执行过程进行追踪与分析。