Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have been developing and refining large language models (LLMs) that exhibit remarkable capabilities across a variety of domains and tasks, challenging our understanding of learning and cognition. The latest model developed by OpenAI, GPT-4, was trained using an unprecedented scale of compute and data. In this paper, we report on our investigation of an early version of GPT-4, when it was still in active development by OpenAI. We contend that (this early version of) GPT-4 is part of a new cohort of LLMs (along with ChatGPT and Google's PaLM for example) that exhibit more general intelligence than previous AI models. We discuss the rising capabilities and implications of these models. We demonstrate that, beyond its mastery of language, GPT-4 can solve novel and difficult tasks that span mathematics, coding, vision, medicine, law, psychology and more, without needing any special prompting. Moreover, in all of these tasks, GPT-4's performance is strikingly close to human-level performance, and often vastly surpasses prior models such as ChatGPT. Given the breadth and depth of GPT-4's capabilities, we believe that it could reasonably be viewed as an early (yet still incomplete) version of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) system. In our exploration of GPT-4, we put special emphasis on discovering its limitations, and we discuss the challenges ahead for advancing towards deeper and more comprehensive versions of AGI, including the possible need for pursuing a new paradigm that moves beyond next-word prediction. We conclude with reflections on societal influences of the recent technological leap and future research directions.

翻译：人工智能研究人员一直在开发和改进大型语言模型（LLMs），这些模型在多种领域和任务中展现出非凡的能力，挑战了我们对学习和认知的理解。OpenAI开发的最新模型GPT-4，使用了前所未有的计算和数据规模进行训练。本文报告了我们对GPT-4早期版本的调查研究，当时该模型仍在OpenAI的积极开发中。我们认为（这一早期版本的）GPT-4属于新一代LLMs（例如与ChatGPT和谷歌的PaLM一起），展现出比以往AI模型更通用的智能。我们讨论了这些模型日益增长的能力及其影响。我们证明，除了对语言的精通外，GPT-4能够解决涵盖数学、编码、视觉、医学、法律、心理学等多个领域的新颖且困难的任务，无需任何特殊提示。而且，在所有此类任务中，GPT-4的表现接近人类水平，并常常大幅超越ChatGPT等先前模型。鉴于GPT-4能力的广度和深度，我们认为它可被合理视为早期（尽管尚不完整）的通用人工智能（AGI）系统版本。在探索GPT-4的过程中，我们特别关注发现其局限性，并讨论了向更深层次、更全面的AGI迈进所面临的挑战，包括可能需要追求超越下一词预测的新范式。最后，我们对近期技术飞跃的社会影响以及未来研究方向进行了反思。