Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers face a critical limitation in qubit numbers, hindering their progression towards large-scale and fault-tolerant quantum computing. A significant challenge impeding scaling is crosstalk, characterized by unwanted interactions among neighboring components on quantum chips, including qubits, resonators, and substrate. We motivate a general approach to systematically resolving multifaceted crosstalks in a limited substrate area. We propose Qplacer, a frequency-aware electrostatic-based placement framework tailored for superconducting quantum computers, to alleviate crosstalk by isolating these components in spatial and frequency domains alongside compact substrate design. Qplacer commences with a frequency assigner that ensures frequency domain isolation for qubits and resonators. It then incorporates a padding strategy and resonator partitioning for layout flexibility. Central to our approach is the conceptualization of quantum components as charged particles, enabling strategic spatial isolation through a 'frequency repulsive force' concept. Our results demonstrate that Qplacer carefully crafts the physical component layout in mitigating various crosstalk impacts while maintaining a compact substrate size. On device topology benchmarks, Qplacer can reduce the required area for theoretical crosstalk-free layout by 2.61x and 2.25x on average, compared to the results of manual design and classical placement engines, respectively.

翻译：噪声中尺度量子（NISQ）计算机在量子比特数量上存在关键限制，阻碍其向大规模容错量子计算发展。串扰是制约规模化的主要挑战，表现为量子芯片上相邻元件（包括量子比特、谐振器和基底）之间的非预期相互作用。我们提出一种在有限基底面积内系统解决多类型串扰的通用方法。本文提出Qplacer——一种面向超导量子计算机的频率感知静电布局框架，通过将元件在空间域和频率域隔离并结合紧凑基底设计来缓解串扰。Qplacer首先通过频率分配器确保量子比特和谐振器的频域隔离，随后引入填充策略和谐振器分区以增强布局灵活性。该方法的核心创新在于将量子元件类比为带电粒子，通过“频率排斥力”概念实现策略性空间隔离。实验结果表明，Qplacer在保持紧凑基底尺寸的同时，能通过精心设计物理元件布局有效抑制各类串扰影响。在器件拓扑基准测试中，与人工设计结果和经典布局引擎相比，Qplacer平均可将理论无串扰布局所需面积分别缩小2.61倍和2.25倍。