Integrating robots into teams of humans is anticipated to bring significant capability improvements for tasks such as searching potentially hazardous buildings. Trust between humans and robots is recognized as a key enabler for human-robot teaming (HRT) activity: if trust during a mission falls below sufficient levels for cooperative tasks to be completed, it could critically affect success. Changes in trust could be particularly problematic in teams that have formed on an ad hoc basis (as might be expected in emergency situations) where team members may not have previously worked together. In such ad hoc teams, a foundational level of 'swift trust' may be fragile and challenging to sustain in the face of inevitable setbacks. We present results of an experiment focused on understanding trust building, violation and repair processes in ad hoc teams (one human and two robots). Trust violation occurred through robots becoming unresponsive, with limited communication and feedback. We perform exploratory analysis of a variety of data, including communications and performance logs, trust surveys and post-experiment interviews, toward understanding how autonomous systems can be designed into interdependent ad hoc human-robot teams where swift trust can be sustained.

翻译：将机器人整合到人类团队中，有望为搜索潜在危险建筑等任务带来显著的能力提升。人与机器人之间的信任被认为是实现人机团队协作活动的关键推动因素：如果任务执行期间的信任水平降至不足以完成协作任务的程度，则可能严重影响任务的成功。在临时组建的团队中，信任的变化可能尤其成问题（正如在紧急情况下可能发生的那样），因为团队成员可能此前从未合作过。在此类自组织团队中，面对不可避免的挫折时，基础层面的“快速信任”可能较为脆弱且难以维持。我们展示了一项实验的结果，该实验旨在理解自组织团队（一名人类与两台机器人）中的信任建立、违背与修复过程。信任违背通过机器人变得无响应、沟通与反馈受限来实现。我们对多种数据进行了探索性分析，包括通信记录、性能日志、信任度调查问卷以及实验后访谈，以期理解如何将自主系统设计到相互依赖的自组织人机团队中，从而维持快速信任。