Turing's 1950 paper introduced the famed "imitation game", a test originally proposed to capture the notion of machine intelligence. Over the years, the Turing test spawned a large amount of interest, which resulted in several variants, as well as heated discussions and controversy. Here we sidestep the question of whether a particular machine can be labeled intelligent, or can be said to match human capabilities in a given context. Instead, but inspired by Turing, we draw attention to the seemingly simpler challenge of determining whether one is interacting with a human or with a machine, in the context of everyday life. We are interested in reflecting upon the importance of this Human-or-Machine question and the use one may make of a reliable answer thereto. Whereas Turing's original test is widely considered to be more of a thought experiment, the Human-or-Machine question as discussed here has obvious practical significance. And while the jury is still not in regarding the possibility of machines that can mimic human behavior with high fidelity in everyday contexts, we argue that near-term exploration of the issues raised here can contribute to development methods for computerized systems, and may also improve our understanding of human behavior in general.

翻译：图灵在1950年的论文中提出了著名的“模仿游戏”，这项测试最初旨在捕捉机器智能的概念。多年来，图灵测试引发了大量关注，催生出多种变体，以及激烈的讨论和争议。在此，我们避开特定机器是否可被标记为智能，或是否能在特定情境中达到人类能力的问题。相反，受图灵启发，我们关注日常生活中一个看似更简单的挑战：判断互动对象是人类还是机器。我们试图反思“人类与机器”问题的重要性，以及可靠答案可能带来的应用价值。尽管图灵原初测试被普遍认为更像一个思想实验，但我们在此讨论的“人类还是机器”问题具有明显的现实意义。尽管目前尚无定论说机器能否在日常情境中高保真模拟人类行为，但我们认为，近期对本文所提出问题的探索，既能助力计算机系统的开发方法，也能增进对人类行为的整体理解。