The rapid development of intelligent transportation systems and connected vehicles has highlighted the need for secure and efficient key management systems (KMS). In this paper, we introduce VDKMS (Vehicular Decentralized Key Management System), a novel Decentralized Key Management System designed specifically as an infrastructure for Cellular Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) networks, utilizing a blockchain-based approach. The proposed VDKMS addresses the challenges of secure communication, privacy preservation, and efficient key management in V2X scenarios. It integrates blockchain technology, Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) principles, and Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) to enable secure and trustworthy V2X applications among vehicles, infrastructures, and networks. We first provide a comprehensive overview of the system architecture, components, protocols, and workflows, covering aspects such as provisioning, registration, verification, and authorization. We then present a detailed performance evaluation, discussing the security properties and compatibility of the proposed solution, as well as a security analysis. Finally, we present potential applications in the vehicular ecosystem that can leverage the advantages of our approach.

翻译：智能交通系统与网联车辆的快速发展凸显了对安全高效密钥管理系统（KMS）的迫切需求。本文提出VDKMS（车辆去中心化密钥管理系统），这是一种专为蜂窝车联网（V2X）网络基础设施设计的创新型去中心化密钥管理系统，采用基于区块链的方法。所提出的VDKMS解决了V2X场景中安全通信、隐私保护和高效密钥管理的挑战，通过融合区块链技术、自主主权身份（SSI）原则和去中心化标识符（DIDs），实现了车辆、基础设施与网络之间安全可信的V2X应用。我们首先全面概述了系统架构、组件、协议和工作流程，涵盖配置、注册、验证和授权等环节；随后进行了详细的性能评估，讨论了所提方案的安全特性与兼容性，并开展了安全性分析。最后，我们展示了车辆生态系统中可借助本方案优势的潜在应用场景。