The evolution of computer architecture has led to a paradigm shift from traditional single-core processors to multi-core and domain-specific architectures that address the increasing demands of modern computational workloads. This paper provides a comprehensive study of this evolution, highlighting the challenges and key advancements in the transition from single-core to multi-core processors. It also examines state-of-the-art hardware accelerators, including Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) and their derivatives, RipTide and the Catapult fabric, and evaluates their strategies for optimizing critical performance metrics such as energy consumption, latency, and flexibility. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the role of reconfigurable systems in overcoming current architectural challenges and driving future advancements in computational efficiency.

翻译：计算机体系结构的演进已引发从传统单核处理器到多核及领域专用架构的范式转变，以满足现代计算负载日益增长的需求。本文全面研究了这一演进过程，重点阐述了从单核向多核处理器过渡中的挑战与关键进展。同时，本文考察了包括张量处理单元（TPUs）及其衍生架构（RipTide与Catapult fabric）在内的先进硬件加速器，并评估了它们在优化能耗、延迟和灵活性等关键性能指标方面的策略。最终，本研究强调了可重构系统在克服当前体系结构挑战、推动未来计算效率进步中的重要作用。