Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen mainstream adoption lately, especially in the form of consumer-facing, open-ended, text and image generating models. However, the use of such systems raises significant ethical and safety concerns, including privacy violations, misinformation and intellectual property theft. The potential for generative AI to displace human creativity and livelihoods has also been under intense scrutiny. To mitigate these risks, there is an urgent need of policies and regulations responsible and ethical development in the field of generative AI. Existing and proposed centralized regulations by governments to rein in AI face criticisms such as not having sufficient clarity or uniformity, lack of interoperability across lines of jurisdictions, restricting innovation, and hindering free market competition. Decentralized protections via crowdsourced safety tools and mechanisms are a potential alternative. However, they have clear deficiencies in terms of lack of adequacy of oversight and difficulty of enforcement of ethical and safety standards, and are thus not enough by themselves as a regulation mechanism. We propose a marriage of these two strategies via a framework we call Dual Governance. This framework proposes a cooperative synergy between centralized government regulations in a U.S. specific context and safety mechanisms developed by the community to protect stakeholders from the harms of generative AI. By implementing the Dual Governance framework, we posit that innovation and creativity can be promoted while ensuring safe and ethical deployment of generative AI.

翻译：生成式人工智能近年来已进入主流应用阶段，尤其体现在面向消费者的开放式文本与图像生成模型中。然而，此类系统的应用引发了显著的伦理与安全隐患，包括隐私侵犯、虚假信息传播及知识产权盗窃。生成式AI可能取代人类创造力与生计的潜在影响也受到广泛关注。为降低这些风险，亟需制定促进生成式AI领域负责任与伦理发展的政策与监管体系。现有及政府拟议的集中监管措施面临诸多批评，例如缺乏明确性与统一性、跨司法管辖区互操作性不足、限制创新以及阻碍自由市场竞争。通过众包安全工具与机制实现去中心化保护是一种潜在替代方案，但其在监管充分性及伦理安全标准执行难度方面存在明显缺陷，因此无法单独作为有效的监管机制。我们提出一种融合两种策略的框架——双重重治理：该框架倡导美国特定语境下的政府集中监管与社区开发的安全机制形成协同效应，从而保护利益相关者免受生成式AI的潜在危害。通过实施双重重治理，我们认为既能促进创新与创造力，又能确保生成式AI得以安全、合乎伦理地部署。