System responsiveness (SR) is defined as the elapsed time until a system responds to user control. SR fluctuates over time, so it must be described statistically with mean (MSR) and standard deviation (SDSR). In this paper, we examine SR in virtual environments (VEs), outlining its components and methods of experimental measurement and manipulation. Three studies of MSR and SDSR effects on performance of grasp and placement tasks are then presented. The studies used within-subjects designs with 11, 12, and 10 participants, respectively. Results showed that SDSR affected performance only if it was above 82 ms. Placement required more frequent visual feedback and was more sensitive to SR. We infer that VE designers need not tightly control SDSR and may wish to vary SR control based on required visual feedback frequency. These results may be used to improve the human-computer interface in a wide range of interactive graphical applications, including scientific visualization, training, mental health, and entertainment.

翻译：系统响应性（SR）定义为系统对用户控制作出响应所经过的时间。SR随时间波动，因此必须用均值（MSR）和标准差（SDSR）进行统计描述。本文研究了虚拟环境（VE）中的SR，概述了其组成部分以及实验测量与操纵方法。随后介绍了三项关于MSR和SDSR对抓取与放置任务绩效影响的研究。这些研究分别采用了被试内设计，参与者人数为11、12和10人。结果表明，仅当SDSR超过82毫秒时才会影响绩效。放置任务需要更频繁的视觉反馈，并且对SR更为敏感。我们推断，VE设计者无需严格控制SDSR，并且可能希望根据所需的视觉反馈频率来调整SR控制。这些结果可用于改进广泛交互式图形应用中的人机界面，包括科学可视化、培训、心理健康和娱乐领域。