AI's transformative impact on work, education, and everyday life makes it as much a political artifact as a technological one. Current AI models are opaque, centralized, and overly generic. The algorithmic automation they provide threatens human agency and democratic values in both workplaces and daily life. To confront such challenges, we turn to Scandinavian Participatory Design (PD), which was devised in the 1970s to face a similar threat from mechanical automation. In the PD tradition, technology is seen not just as an artifact, but as a locus of democracy. Drawing from this tradition, we propose Participatory AI as a PD approach to human-centered AI that applies five PD principles to four design challenges for algorithmic automation. We use concrete case studies to illustrate how to treat AI models less as proprietary products and more as shared socio-technical systems that enhance rather than diminish human agency, human dignity, and human values.

翻译：人工智能对工作、教育和日常生活的变革性影响使其既是技术产物，也是政治产物。当前的人工智能模型不透明、集中化且过于通用。它们所提供的算法自动化在工作场所和日常生活中威胁着人类能动性和民主价值观。为应对这些挑战，我们转向斯堪的纳维亚参与式设计（PD），该理念诞生于20世纪70年代，旨在应对当时机械自动化带来的类似威胁。在PD传统中，技术不仅被视为一种产品，更被视为民主的载体。借鉴这一传统，我们提出“参与式人工智能”作为以人为本的人工智能的PD方法，将五项PD原则应用于算法自动化的四个设计挑战。通过具体案例研究，我们阐述了如何将AI模型更多地视为共享的社会技术系统，而非专有产品，从而增强而非削弱人类能动性、人类尊严和人类价值观。