The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) such as the emergence of large language models including ChatGPT and DALLE 2 has brought both opportunities for improving productivity and raised ethical concerns. This paper investigates the ethics of using artificial intelligence (AI) in cartography, with a particular focus on the generation of maps using DALLE 2. To accomplish this, we first create an open-sourced dataset that includes synthetic (AI-generated) and real-world (human-designed) maps at multiple scales with a variety settings. We subsequently examine four potential ethical concerns that may arise from the characteristics of DALLE 2 generated maps, namely inaccuracies, misleading information, unanticipated features, and reproducibility. We then develop a deep learning-based ethical examination system that identifies those AI-generated maps. Our research emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in the development and use of AI techniques in cartography, contributing to the growing body of work on trustworthy maps. We aim to raise public awareness of the potential risks associated with AI-generated maps and support the development of ethical guidelines for their future use.

翻译：人工智能（AI）的快速发展（包括ChatGPT和DALLE 2等大型语言模型的出现）在提升生产效能的同时，也引发了伦理层面的忧虑。本文系统探讨了人工智能在制图学中的应用伦理问题，重点聚焦于运用DALLE 2生成地图的实践。为实现研究目标，我们首先创建了一个开源数据集，其中包含多尺度、多场景设置的合成（AI生成）地图和真实（人工设计）地图。随后，我们分析了DALLE 2生成地图可能引发的四种潜在伦理问题：不准确性、误导性信息、意外特征及可复现性。在此基础上，我们开发了基于深度学习的伦理审查系统，用于识别上述AI生成地图。本研究强调了在制图学中开发与应用AI技术时伦理考量的重要性，为可信地图研究领域贡献了新的学术成果。我们旨在提升公众对AI生成地图潜在风险的认知，并推动制定其未来应用的伦理准则。